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畢業(yè)論文（設計）任務書 學院 機械電氣化工程學院 班級 學生姓名 學號 課題名稱 小型蔬菜移栽機的設計 起止時間 年 月 日—— 年 月 日（共 14 周） 指導教師 職稱 課題內容 根據國內外現有的蔬菜移栽機和樹木移栽機，設計小型蔬菜移栽機，要求結構簡單，移栽效果好，對幼苗損傷少，適應性強。具體要求如下： 1.選擇合適動力傳遞方式，設計工作裝置和傳動裝置。 2.繪制二維裝配圖和零件圖。 3.要求利用Solidworks繪制三維圖。 擬定工作進度（以周為單位） 第1～2周 查閱相關文獻，撰寫開題報告。 第3～4周 根據國內外現有的蔬菜移栽機和樹木移栽機確定小型蔬菜移栽機的總體設計方案，繪制總體結構簡圖。 第5～6周 根據工作要求，計算并查閱相關手冊，選擇和設計各零部件。 第7～9周 運用AutoCAD軟件，繪制二維零件圖和裝配圖。 第10～11周 運用三維設計軟件完成整機各零部件的三維建模并進行運動仿真。 第12周 從工藝性能，經濟性能，實用性能等方面對產品進行綜合評價、校核、修正。 第13周 完成設計說明書。 第14周 整理材料，準備答辯。 主要參考文獻: [1]萬霖,汪春,車剛.小型蔬菜移栽機的改進設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)工程學報, 2011(06), 117-122. [2]張為政,王君玲,張祖立.懸杯式蔬菜移栽機的設計[J]. 農機化研究, 2011(08), 104-106. [3]楊帥,宋建農,王繼承,王沖,李永磊,董向前.洋蔥移栽機夾苗機構的設計與運動仿真[J].中國農業(yè)大學學報,2011(05),133-137. [4]張祖立,王君玲,張為政,趙旭,劉偉.懸杯式蔬菜移栽機的運動分析與性能試驗[J].農業(yè)工程學報,2011(11),21-25. [5]武科,陳永成,畢新勝.幾種典型的移栽機[J].農機化,2009(03),12-14. [6]彬亞,楊雄,湯新麗.2ZB-2型移栽機的設計[J].農機化,2010(06),20-21. [7]王薇,姜燕飛,盧宏宇.蔬菜移栽機導苗管的機構設計[J].農村牧區(qū)機械化,2008(02) 27-28. 任務下達人（簽字） 同意按此計劃進行設計 年 月 日 任務接受人意見 任務接受人簽名 年 月 日 注：1、此任務書由指導教師填寫，任務下達人為指導教師。 2、此任務書須在學生畢業(yè)實踐環(huán)節(jié)開始前一周下達給學生本人。 3、此任務書一式三份，一份留學院存檔，一份學生本人留存，一份指導教師留存。 The digital control process technology is summarized 1. digital control programming reaches such development The digital control programming is the segment that be able to obviously bring into play the beneficial result in at the moment CAD/CAPP/CAM's system the most most , such is living to achieve to design the process automation and raise process accuracy and processes the quality and cuts down the product development cycle and so on the respect is brining into play the significant action . Being living possess the greats quantity applications such as aviation industry and auto industry and so on territorys . Since giving birth to the intense demand of practice , wide-ranging research has wholly been carried on to the digital control programming technique in the home and abroad , and acquires the plentiful and substantial fruit . The next reaches such to the digital control programming and develops to act as some to introduce . 1.1 basic concept of digital control programming The digital control programming is through the spare parts drawings up the full process that obtains the digital control processing program . Its main mission is that the sword spot ( Cutterlocationpoint abbreviate CL's spot ) in the sword is processed away in the calculation . The point of intersection that sword the spot was ordinarily get to the cutting tool axial line against the cutting tool face still will be give out the sword shaft vector in much processs 1.2 digital control programming technique development survey MIT designed one kind of special language that is used in the inflexible spare parts digital control processing program establishments to the program problem in order to resolve in the digital control process , and is called APT ( AutomaticallyProgrammedTool ) in the 50's . Well-developed editions such as after APT time and again develops , takeed shape such as APTII and APTIII ( the stereoscopic cutting action is employd ) and APT ( the algorithm improves , add much coordinates surface processes the programming meritorious service capacity ) and APTAC ( Advancedcontouring ) ( add cuts the database administration system ) and APT/SS ( SculpturedSurface ) ( add engraves the camber processes the programming meritorous service capacity ) and so on . Adoping APT language drawing up digital control order to have easy the refining of order , and gos away the strongs point such as sword control is agile and so on , and causes the digital control process the programming , and moves upward up yet possess much not suitable points to geometry element .APT through " assemble language " grade to the machine tool order : Adoping language definition spare parts geometry form shape , and is difficult to depict complex geometry form shape , and lack audio-visual quality of geometry ; The certification measure that the figure audio-visual that is short of to spare parts form shape and the cutting tool movement locus displays and the cutting tool locus ; Being difficult to effectively join with CAD's data bank and CAPP's system ; Not to act as easily up the high automation , the integration. In view of the APT's language defect , in 1978 , France attained the system that the large rope airplane corporation starts development gathers assemble three dimensions design , analysis and NC's process integration , and is called in the interest of CATIA . Having ariseed alikely the systems such as EUCLID and NPU/GNCP and so on soon afterwards very quickly , the geometry molds wholly valid settlements of these systems and the spare parts geometry form shape display is designed mutually and mends generates the cutting tool locus , and the problems such as the imitation to go away the sword process displays and certification and so on promoteed CAD and CAM developing to the integration orientation . The approximately idea that system ( CIMS ) and parallel project ( CE ) was manufacture in the calculating machine integration take shape up the 80's gradually on the base that the CAD/CAM's integration being living is approximately attend school . At the moment , and the necessaries that CE developed in order to adapt to CIMS , the digital control programming system to integrationization and intelligentization the development . Being living the integration respect , with the development accords with the STEP ( StandardfortheExchangeofProductModelData ) criterion parameterization feature moldmaking and systematically gives priority to , having carried on the highly effective work of greats quantity at the moment is the home and abroad development heatpoint Being living the intelligentization respect , the work has start only a short while ago , and still awaits that we leave hard 2、 NCs' cutting tool locus generates the method study developing actuality Digital control programming core work is generateing the cutting tool locus , afterwards by such scattered one-tenth sword spot , places that the handle comes into being the digital control processing program afterwards viaing . The next cutting tool locus comes into being the means and actes as some and introduce 2.1 baseding on a little and string , surface and part of the body NC's sword track formation means CAD's technique moves through the two dimension mapping , and udergo the three dimensions wires frame and camber and the solid modelling generation , now the parameterization feature reacing is always moldded . Is living two dimension mapping together with three dimensions wires frame phase , in case the opening processes , the rough sketch is processed the digital control process is main with spot and string act as drive target , the plane area process and so on . This kind of level that personnel staff was requireed manipulating in the process is taller , complex mutually . Being living camber and the solid modelling generation , entity process had ariseed to based on . The entity process target is an entity ( oridinarily blendes for CSG and BREP express ) , its ( moreover , intersects , falls short of to operate ) but get yield through some fundamental parts of the body habitually after the set operation . The entity is processed not merely usable rough machining and semi precision work to the spare parts , and the great area cuts Yu Liang , and the effectiveness is processed in the raise , but also usable research together with development to digital control baseding on the feature programming system , is the feature process base Entity process oridinarily possess entity rough sketch process and the entity area and processes two kinds . The entity process realization means slices law ( SLICE ) in the interest of the straturm , in immediate future slices by the process entity in the way of one series of level , afterwards to obtains the intersection comes into being the isometry string dos worthwhile the sword the going away locus . The original slave system needs the angle depart , the digital control process that the ACIS's geometry moldmaking being living achieved this kind to based on a little on the terrace and the string and surface and entity Feature NC's sword track formation means 2.2 baseding on The parameterization feature molds to possess the specified development particular period , yet baseds on that feature cutting tool locus formation means research starts only a short while ago . The feature processes to cause digital control programming personnel staff to be out to let drop the step geometry message to those ( in case : Spot , string , surface and entity ) manipulate , but transforing to carry on the digital control programming in the interest of directly to accords with the feature that engineers and technicians are used to , and liftd the programming effectiveness enormously W.R.Mail and A.J.Mcleod are living in their research to give out one to based on feature NC's code generating sub system , and this systematic work rule is : Spare parts every one process wholly may be regarded as to adjust to make up the total that the spare parts form shape feature group processed . In immediate future the queen completees spare parts process is not processed that to the feature adjusting entirely form the shape in that way either form shape feature component . But each form shape feature either form shape feature series NC's code may generate voluntarily . The system opened up at the moment merely is applicable to 2.5D's spare parts process The LeeandChang opened up one kind of raised liberal camber feature cutting tool locus of means autogeneration in the way of fictitious border system . This systematic work rule is : Being living to inlay inner place the raised liberal camber into one the minimal long and square , so raised liberal camber feature is transformd into the hollow feature . Minimal the long and square incorporation against the end product pattern constituteed to be called one kind of indirect produce pattern on the fictitious pattern . That the cutting tool locus formation means separates into completees three paces : ( 1 ) and the cutting action polyhedron feature ; ( 2 ) and cuts the liberal camber feature ; ( 3 ) and the cutting action intersects the feature JongYunJung researcies baseds on the non- cutting action cutting tool locus formation problem of feature . The article process baseding on the feature locus separates into rough sketch process and processes two types with the inside area , and the definition this two types of process cutting action orientations , attains the aim that the entirety optimizes the cutting tool locus by means of decreasing the cutting action cutting tool locus . Type who talked about these fundamental features gos away sword way and cutting tool selection and process order and so on to main being aimed at of article some kinds of fundamental features ( hollow inner place Kong and step , trough ) , and averting repeatedly going away the sword by means of IP ( InterProgramming ) technique , with the non- cutting action cutting tool locus of optimization . Besides JongYunJong still is living , and his doctor in 1991 researcied tabrication feature extraction and baseds on feature cutting tool and the cutting tool way in the dissertation The feature process base is an entity process , and surely of course also may think the entity process being more high-quality . Yet feature process distinct entity process , and entity process possess it oneself the limitations . Feature process chiefly possess below difference against entity process : Through approximately attends school says that the feature is the meritorous service capacity key element to make up the spare parts , and the operation that accords with engineers and technicians is used to , by engineers and technicians are know intimately ; The entity is the geometry target on low straturm , and is a geometric object that obtains after a series of Booleans calculation , and does not have whatever meritorous service capacity semantic information ; It frequently is adjusting the once only process of entire spare parts ( entity ) that the entity is processed . Yet in reality the spare parts is not very much probably merely once processed through in the way of the sword , frequently will go through a series of workmans of rough machining and semi precision work and precision work and so on stage , the place of spare parts difference oridinarily will be employd the difference cutting tool and process ; Now and then not only the spare parts will be employd up turning , but also employ up mill . Hence entity process is chiefly used spare parts rough machining and semi precision work . But but the feature on processing through essentially resolved the above-mentioned issue ; Feature process havees even more intellect . May regulate some kinds of settled admittedly process meanss as to the specially designated feature , particularly those have been living , and STEP's criterion the person who regulates the feature still more is such in this way . In case we wholly draw up the specially designated process means to all standards feature , it is you can imagine that spare parts that in that way sufficiently succeed through the standard feature to those are processed such convenient quality . In case CAPP systematically be able to supply the relevant technology feature , NCP's system may decrease inputing mutually , and havees even more intellect enormously in that way . But these entity process can not achieved Feature process is favour of achieving through comprehensive integration of CAD , CAPP , NCP and CNC's system , and achieves the two-way going from place to place of message , in the interest of CIMS and even parallel project ( CE ) are settleed the well base ; It be helpless that but the entity is processed to these NC's sword track formation means 2.3 being on active service in several main CAD/CAM's systems is analysed Active duty CAM constitutes reaching the main meritorous service capacity That at the moment comparatively more mature CAM's system is main with two kinds of shapes achieves CAD/CAM's system integration : Integration CAD/CAM's system ( in case : UGII , Euclid and Pro/ENGINEERs and so on ) and independent relatively CAM's system ( in case : Mastercam and Surfcams and so on ) . Unitary less than the former data format is directly gaind the produce geometric model through CAD's system , but the latter is main gains the produce geometric model by means of the neutral papers through else CAD's systems . However , no matter is what the CAM's system growed the shape , wholly consising of five modules , in immediate future mutually technology parameter input module and cutting tool locus formation module and cutting tool locus compiler module and three dimensions process that dynamic imitation module and afterwards places the processing module . Next merely some famous CAD/CAM's system NC's process meanss are holied discussions . UGII's process means is analysed Oridinarily think that UGII is the best in trade circle , and havees representativeness digital control software most . That such havees the distinguishing feature most is the cutting tool locus formation means that such meritorous service capacity is powerful . Consists of turning , milling and string cuts and so on the consummate process means . In it milling chiefly possess the below meritorous service capacity : And PointtoPoint: Completeing the different openings processes And PanarMill: Plane is milled . Consising of that the one-way walkes surely , the two-way row are slice , and the hoop is slice along with rough sketch process to await And FixedContour: Admittedly much projectionss are areed processed stably . Dominateeing on being living on the single camber either much camber the removing of cutting tool in the way of the projection means , and that the control cutting tool is removed may be the cutting tool locus that has generateed , a series of either suite string And VariableContour: Variable projection is processed And Parameterline: Await that the parameter string is processed . The successive process of single camber either much camber may be adjust And ZigZagSurface: Cutting out process And RoughtoDepth: Rough machining . The depth is reachd assigning in the rough machining by Mao Pi And CavityMill: The many stages depth mould cavity processes . Rough machining that particularly is applicable to the male contact with the hollow standard And SequentialSurface: The camber occuies simultaneously the workman . In accordance the spare parts and guides that and the thinking of check adjust the removing suppling the largesttest degree control of cutting tool EDSUnigraphics still consists of greats quantity else the respects meritorous service capacitys , and did not enumerate one by one here STRATA's process means is analysed STRATA is a digital control programming system development environment , and it is establishing ACIS's geometry model building terrace on It supplys two kinds of programming development environments in the interest of consumer , in immediate future NC's command language interface and the NC's operation C++ storehouse . It may back three to mill , and turning and string cut NC and process , and may back wire frame , camber and the entity geometry model building . Such NC's cutting tool locus formation means is baseding on the physical model . STRATA is baseded on , and what supplys the process means in entity NC's cutting tool locus formation type storehouse consists of : ProfileToolpath: Rough sketch process AreaClearToolpath: The area on plane processes SolidProfileToolpath: The entity rough sketch is processed SolidAreaClearToolpath: The area on entity plane processes SolidFaceToolPath: The entity face processes SolidSliceToolPath: The entity severs process on plane LanguagebasedToolpath: Baseding on , language cutting tool locus generates Else CAD/CAM software , in case Euclid the person who awaits the NC's meritorous service capacity is each has his strong point , yet such fundamental substance is almost alike , the not natural difference . 2.4 main problem of systematic sword track formation means of active duty CAM In accordance tradition CAD/CAM's system and CNC's system work means , CAM's system is with directly either the indirect means gains the produce geometry data model through CAD's system ( by means of neutral papers ) . CAM's system is with spot , string , surface in the three dimensions geometrics model and either the entity is the drive target , the cutting tool locus is processed in the formation , and afterwards the shape with the cutting tool locating file viaes the handle is placed , with the NC's code shape supplys to CNC's machine tool , the some respects problems under being living in entire CAD/CAM and the CNC's system operation process to be : CAM systematically can only gain produce low tier of geometry message through CAD's system , and can not seize voluntarily meritorous service capacity and the semantic information of produce geometry shape information and produce higher level . Hence manufacturing engineering master that entire CAM's process have to be living is very experience haves a hand in secondly , and completees mutually by means of the figure . In case : Manufacturing engineering master . The entire system automation degree is leted drop Being living in the CAM's system generation cutting tool locus , equal also merely embodying low straturm geometry message ( right line and arc geometry locating information ) , along with the a little process control information ( as moving forward ) to rate , main shaft rotation speed and trading sword and so on . Hence , can not obtain the process technology parameter that haves something to do with against generateing the cutting tool locus yet The produce data between CAM's system every module are not unitied , and the independence is opposite to each other to every module . For instance the cutting tool locating file is merely keep the minutes the cutting tool locus and is not keep the minutes the relevant process technology parameter , the dynamic imitation of three dimensions merely keeps the minutes that the cutting tool locus interference against runs into , but keep the minutes interference and process target and correlation process technology parameter that runs into happen against such The CAM systematically is an independence system . Not thering is the unitary produce data model between CAD's system together with the CAM's system , even if being the integrated CAD/CAM's system of integration in , one-way and unity is enjoyed also being only to message in all . CAM systematically can not sufficiently comprehend and complete message utilizing CAD's