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Unit 2 知識梳理(必修一) 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour的用法區(qū)別: voyage: 去國外或較遠(yuǎn)地方的海上旅行 journey: 指較遠(yuǎn)的從一地到另一地旅行 travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念 trip: (短途)旅行 tour: 為了公務(wù)、娛樂或教育參觀多處名勝的旅行 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow. 2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months. 3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend 4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle 2.. recognize/realize/know (1)recognize 指原來很熟悉，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認(rèn)出來 (2)realize 強(qiáng)調(diào)在經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程后的了解 (3)know 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指互相間十分熟悉、十分了解 (1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health (2)Ive ________________ Tom for years. (3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room 3. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular frequent經(jīng)常的，時(shí)間或間歇很短的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn) common 通常的、常發(fā)生的、廣泛使用或眾所周知的 ordinary指種類普通且不能從其他中加以區(qū)別的，有時(shí)含貶義 general一般性的，到處的；不限于領(lǐng)域、地區(qū)或應(yīng)用 regular平常的；慣例的；習(xí)慣性的、通常的或正常的 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). This is a ___________ problem 2). He often makes ___________ errors of judgment 3)．Look at the train’s ___________ schedule. 4)．The violinist gave a very ___________ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse 5)．As a ____________ rule I am home by six. 4. such as/for example/that is/and so on (1)such as 用于列舉事物時(shí)常放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且其后不用逗號，直接跟所列舉的事物，可與 like互換。它所列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于前面所提的事物的總和，否則就用 that is或 namely (2)for example 主要用于舉例說明，其前后多用符號隔開。其位置比較靈活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列舉的事物之前)。 (3)that is 相當(dāng)于 namely，它所列舉的事物的總量等于前面所提到的事物的總和。 (4)and so on 對幾個(gè)事物進(jìn)行列舉時(shí)，在說了其中的幾個(gè)以后，用．..and so on進(jìn)行概括，說明還有例子，但不一一列出了 (1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ___________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E. (2)Overcooking, ____________， destroys many nutrients. (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German. (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag. 5. especially/ specially especially意思是“尤其，特別”，表達(dá)事物的不尋?；蛱貏e重要 specially 指為了某一目的，專門做某事 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 我們城市很美麗，尤其在春天。 2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help. 他是專程來這里向你求助的 6. a number of / the number of a number of意思是“若干；許多” 作主語時(shí), 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) the number of意思是“……的數(shù)目 作主語時(shí), 謂語用單數(shù)” 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly. 2). ____________ books in the market are in English 7.. present n. 禮物adj. 在場的；目前的vt. 贈送 at present=at the present time=now 目前，現(xiàn)在 be present at 出席；到場(反義： be absent from 缺席) present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送給某人 All the people ____________________ (出席晚會的)were her supporters 1). 所有（那些）在場者一眼就看出那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤._____________________________________ 2). 這本書是哥哥贈送給我的____________________________________________________ 8. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指揮,由…控制 be in command of 控制… be at one’s command 聽任某人支配 take command of… 擔(dān)任…指揮 have (a) good command of ….. 精通……. [特別提醒] command后接that從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣(should)+V.原形 [練習(xí)] 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1). For the first time in years, she felt _____________ command of her life. 2). The army is _______________the king’s direct command. 3). The police arrived and took command _______________ the situation 9. request n.& v. 請求；要求 [重點(diǎn)用法]request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 按某人的要求_________________　__________________ ___________________ ⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation. ⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation. ⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports 擴(kuò)展===聯(lián)想：像command一樣，其后的名詞性從句的謂語用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的常用詞有：一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”； 兩個(gè)“命令(order，command)”； 三個(gè)“建議(suggest，advise，propose)”； 四個(gè)“要求(demand，ask，require，request)” 10.recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn) recognize…by sth 認(rèn)出或識別某人/某事物 recognize…as sth 承認(rèn)某人/某事物是 recognize…to be承認(rèn)…是 recognize +賓語從句 意識到；承認(rèn) be recognized as 被公認(rèn)為/承認(rèn)是……. ⑴I recognize him______________________. (他是個(gè)聰明人). ⑵Though they hadn’t met for many years，they _________ (認(rèn)出了對方)at the first sight. 1). 人們都承認(rèn)他是他們理所當(dāng)然的領(lǐng)袖。__________________________________________ 2). 我認(rèn)出他是我朋友的哥哥。____________________________________________________ 11. straight adj.筆直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直 常見形容詞與副詞同形且意思一樣的詞 快的___________ 晚的__________ 努力的___________ 早的___________ 近的________ 遠(yuǎn)的___________ 高的___________ 寬的_____________ 她中學(xué)一畢業(yè)就馬上進(jìn)了大學(xué)_____________________________________________ 這是一條直路______________________________________________________ 12. block vt. 堵塞；阻礙n. 街區(qū)；木塊；石塊 a block of 一大塊 block out 堵住 block off 封鎖；封閉 block up 堵塞；阻礙 1). 他們在繞樓群散步______________________________________________ 2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往蘇格蘭的道路___________________________________________ 13.native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天賦的 n. 本地人；出生于某國的人 be native to...　原產(chǎn)于某地 one’s native country/land　本國，祖國 native place　出生地 one’s native language　本國語，母語 be a native of　當(dāng)?shù)厝?產(chǎn)于……的動(dòng)/植物 (1)China is our ____________， and Chinese is our ____________. 中國是我們的祖國，漢語是我們的母語。 (2)The tiger __________________ India. 這種虎產(chǎn)于印度。 (3)He is __________________ Beijing. 他是北京人 14.come up走近；上來；提出; (月亮,太陽)升起(不及物動(dòng)詞短語) 這個(gè)問題在會議中被提出來了________________________________________ come across邂逅 come about發(fā)生 come at向…撲來,攻擊 come out 出版;開花；結(jié)果是 come up with想出 come along 進(jìn)展,進(jìn)步 come round 繞道而來 come down落下,塌下 練習(xí)] 用come構(gòu)成的詞組填空。 1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 2). The magazine __________ once a month. 3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday. 4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy. 5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning 15. because of 因?yàn)?；由? because of 是復(fù)合介詞(近義短語:due to , thanks to , as a result of , owing to) because 是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 [練習(xí)] ⑴ He came late to school again _______ he got up too late. ⑵ The girl cried __________ what the teacher said. ⑶ we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather 16.base (1)vt.以….為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ) adj.________ (基礎(chǔ)的,基本的) _______ (以….為依據(jù)的) 把……建立在….的基礎(chǔ)上__________________ 建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上_________________我們的意見應(yīng)該以事實(shí)為根據(jù)__________________________________________ (2)基礎(chǔ),基地 在……的底部__________________ 在…….的基礎(chǔ)上___________________ 這個(gè)理論基于他十年的研究______________________________________________ 17.latter adj.后半的;(兩者中)后者的, 與the連用作名詞 the former……the latter…… 前者…..,后者….. late adj.&adv. 遲的(地),晚的(地) later adj.&adv.后來的(地) lately adv.最近,近來(常用于完成時(shí)) latter adj.后者的 latest adj. 最近的,最新的 (1)The splendid castle was built in the ________ 1860s. (2)Do you prefer the former to the _______, Jack? (3)I found my lost book and pen three days_________ (4)The beautiful girl was dressed in the _________ Paris fashion. (5)Have you seen her_______? (6)The ________ news is that she married in her_________ twenties. 18.hold on 別掛斷,堅(jiān)持住(=hang on) hold on to/onto sb./sth. 抓緊,不放開 hold 組成的短語: 同意,贊成______________ 阻擋,隱瞞,猶豫_____________ 堅(jiān)持,伸出手________________ 推遲_____________ 舉起,延遲_____________ 19.the same ……as …/ the same ……that…..的區(qū)別: the same….as….: as所指的事物與前面所提的事物是同類中的另一個(gè)事物 the same….that…. that所指的事物與前面所提的事物是同一個(gè)事物 這與我丟的那支鋼筆一樣______________________________ 這就是我丟的那支鋼筆_______________________________ Today I use the same book_____ was used yesterday. He bought the same book________ I had. 20.make use of 利用,使用(=take advantage of ) 充分利用_______________　__________________ __________________ _________________ The use you _____ time is really practical. A.make B.take C.make of D.take of 答案：1 .1)journey 2)voyage 3)trip 4)tour 2.(1)realize (2)known (3)recognized 3.(1)common 2)frequent 3)regular 4)ordinary 5)general 4.1)this is 2)for example 3)such as 4)and so on 5.1)especially 2)specially 6.1) the number of 2) A number of 7.who were present at the party My brother presented me with the book 8.1) in 2)under 3)of 9.at one’s request , at the request of sb, by resquest of sb 1) to write 2)write 3)are requested 10.1) as a clever person 2)recognized 翻譯：1）He is recognized to their natural leader. 2)I recognized him as my friend’s brother. 11.fast , late , hard , early, close, far, high, wide 翻譯：1）She went straight from school to university. 2)This is a straight way 12.1)They are taking a walk around the block. 2)The heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 13.1)native country native language 2)is native to 3)a native of 14.The problem came up in the meeting. 1)comes at 2)come out 3)come over 4)come up with 5)came across 15.1)because 2)because of 3)because of 16.(1)adj. basic based , base..on/upon , be based on/upon 翻譯：We should base our opinions on facts. (2)at the base of , on the base of 翻譯：The theory was on the base of his ten years’ research. 17.1) late 2)latter 3)later 4)latest 5)lately 6)latest late 18.hold with , hold back , hold out , hold off, hold up 19.This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost. that, as 20.make good use of , make the best of , make full use of , make the most of C